Losartan is a medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). By lowering blood pressure, losartan helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). These drugs work by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a substance in the body that causes blood vessels to tighten.
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Additional Uses
Besides hypertension, losartan is also prescribed for:
- Diabetic Nephropathy: To slow the progression of kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure.
- Heart Failure: To reduce the risk of hospitalization and death in patients with heart failure.
- Stroke Prevention: To lower the risk of stroke in patients with high blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy (enlarged heart).
Important Considerations
Losartan is available in a ready-to-use liquid formulation (Arbli), eliminating compounding needs. This offers reduced dosing volume and extended room-temperature shelf life. The U.S. losartan market is significant, with potential penetration into a substantial portion of the institutional market.
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Dosage and Administration: The dosage of losartan varies depending on the individual and the condition being treated. It’s crucial to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully. Losartan is typically taken once a day, with or without food. Consistency in taking the medication at the same time each day is important for optimal effectiveness.
Potential Side Effects
While losartan is generally well-tolerated, some potential side effects include:
- Dizziness
- Lightheadedness
- Nasal congestion
- Back pain
- Diarrhea
- High potassium levels (hyperkalemia)
Serious side effects are rare but can occur. These include allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling), kidney problems, and liver problems. If you experience any severe or persistent side effects, contact your doctor immediately.
Precautions
Before taking losartan, inform your doctor about any existing medical conditions, especially kidney or liver disease, heart problems, or a history of allergic reactions. Also, disclose all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, as drug interactions can occur.
Losartan should not be used during pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters, as it can harm the developing fetus. Discuss alternative treatment options with your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
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